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Citation Citation Citation

Whenever you write a paper, you are under obligation to give credit to others when you take their ideas - whether you directly cite them (e.g.) or if you paraphrase what they said in your own words (e.g. .)

Each department has their own way of citation. Citation style is integral to the validity of your paper, so always check with your teacher about the style s/he would like to be used.

MLA (Modern Language Association)
Chicago Style
Scientific Literature Citation Style


>MLA (Modern Language Association)


Citing an article in an encyclopedia

Article author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Encyclopedia Title . Edition. Year published.

Bradley, Fiona. "Salvador Dali." The Dictionary of Art. 1st ed. 1996.


Citing a book

Author's last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Rennison, Louise. Angus, Thongs and Full-frontal Snogging: Confessions of Georgia Nicholson. New York: Harper Collins, 2000.


Citing an article from a database
(e.g. Infotrac, Britannica, GaleNet LRC, Scientific American, Lexis-Nexis, Grove Dictionary of Art)

Article author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Journal Title Date: page(s). Database Title. Database Company Date of access <url>.

Friedman, Dorian. "A Country Boy's Farewell." U.S. News and World Report 27 October 1997: 18. Academic ASAP.
          INFOTRAC 24 July 2002 <http:infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/79/399/50402252w3/purl
          ="rc1_AIM_0_A19897741&dyn=13!xrn_6_0_A19897741?sw_aep=mercersburg_al> .


Citing a website

Author or editor's last name, First name. Title of Website. Publisher or Webmaster. Last updated date. Date of access <url>.

The Beats: New York. University of Virginia. 22 February 1999. 24 July 2002
           <http://www.lib.virginia.edu/speccol/exhibits/sixties/beatsny.html> .


> Chicago Style

Students will either have to do footnotes or endnotes for their papers. In addition, a Works Cited page is included. Follow the following examples for the correct style - the numbered examples refer to the style for footnotes/endnotes. The unnumbered styles are for the Works Cited page.

Citing an article in an encyclopedia


          

Number. Author's first name Last name, "Article Title," in Title of Encyclopedia, edition number or year ed.

           1. Desmond A. Gillmor, "Ireland," in World Book Encyclopedia, 2001 ed.

Author's last name, First name. "Title of Article." In Title of Encyclopedia , edition number or year ed.

Gillmor, Desmond A. "Ireland." In World Book Encyclopedia, 2001 ed.

Citing a book

Number. Author's first name Last name, Title of Book (City of publication: Publisher, date), page.

          2. Louise Rennison, Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging: Confessions of Georgia Nicolson (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 25.

Author's last name, First name. Title. City of publication: Publisher, Date.

Rennison, Louise. Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging: Confessions of Georgia Nicolson. New York: HarpersCollins
           Publishers, 2000.


Citing an article from a database
(e.g. Infotrac, Britannica, GaleNet LRC, Scientific American, Lexis-Nexis, Grove Dictionary of Art)

Number. Author's first name Last name, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume number: issue no. (year): [database online]; (Name of Database, Database Company. Database date updated, accessed date) Available from URL; Internet.

           2. Dorian Friedman, "A Country Boy's Farewell," U.S. News and World Report 123: no. 16 (1997): [database online]; (Academic ASAP. INFOTRAC 31 October 2002, accessed 31 October 2002) Available from http://web3.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/79/399/50402252w3/purl=rc1_AIM_0_A19897741 &dyn=13!xrn_6_0_ A19897741?sw_aep=mercersburg_al; Internet.

Author's last name, first name. "Article Title." Journal Title volume: no. issue number (year): [database online]; Name of Database, Database company Date of update/copyright. Accessed Date of access. Available from URL; Internet.

Friedman, Dorian. "A Country Boy's Farewell." U.S. News and World Report 123: no. 16 (1997): [database online]; Academic
           ASAP Infotrac 1 November 2002. Accessed 1 November 2002. Available from http://web3.infotrac.galegroup.
          com/itw/infomark/79/399/50402252w3/purl=rc1_AIM_0_A19897741 ?&dyn=13!xrn_6_0_ A19897741?
          sw_aep=mercersburg_al; Internet.


Citing a website

          Number. Author's first name Last name, Title of Website , [online] ed. Editor's first name Last name, (City of Publication: Publisher, Date of pub./last update); available from URL; Internet.

           3. Debby Carroll, Live Without Hate, [online] ed. Ken Bookman, (Cincinnati, OH: Hot Topics Publications, 2001, accessed 1 November 2002); available from http://www.cincinnati.com/nie/live_wo_hate/; Internet.

Author's last name, First name. Title of website [online]. Edited by Editor's first name, last name. City, State of
           publication: Publisher, year. Accessed date. Available from URL.

Carroll, Debby. Live Without Hate [online]. Edited by Ken Bookman. Cincinnati, OH: Hot Topics Publications, 2001. Accessed
          1 November 2002. Available from http://www.cincinnati.com/nie/live_wo_hate/; Internet.


> Scientific Literature Citation Style

Citing an article in an encyclopedia

Author's last name, first name. Year. Article title. Encyclopedia title. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication (if in US), Country of publication.

Gillmor, Desmond A. 2002. Ireland. The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. World Book Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. 15th ed.


Citing a book

Author's last name, first name. Date of publication. Title of book. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication (if the city is in the USA), Country of publication.

Hirth, David H. 1977. Social behavior of white-tailed deer in relation to habitat. Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C., USA.


Citing an article from a journal

Author's last name, first name. Year. Title of article. Title of journal. Volume: pages.

Mech, L. David and Michael E. Nelson. 2000. Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in Minnesota? Journal of Wildlife Management 64:129-137.

Citing an article from a database

Last name of article author, first name. Article name. Name of journal. Date of article. Name of database. Date of access. URL.

Jordan, V. Craig. Designer Estrogens. Scientific American. October 1998. Scientific American Archive. 31 October 2001. http://www.sciamarchive. org/pdfs/1050890.pdf.


Citing a website

Last name of creator/author, first name. Date of publication or last time site was updated. Title or name of website. Date of access. URL.

Anonymous. 2001. Sweeney Todd - the demon barber of Fleet Street in concert: true or false. 31 October 2001. http://www.pbs.org/sweeneytodd/penny/index.html.

What is different about this style?
1. No italics, quotation marks, or underlines; no indentation.
2. The year of publication always follows the author.
3. There are no carrots (pointy parentheses) around the URL